Deciphering rejuvenation interventions will provide further insights into anti-ageing and ageing-related disease treatment in clinical settings.Īgeing is a dynamic and time-varying process, typically manifested by cell damage accumulation, degeneration of tissue and organ structure and function, and increased susceptibility to diseases. Finally, we analyze in detail the therapeutic opportunities and challenges of rejuvenation technology. The potential applications of rejuvenation therapy also extend to cancer treatment. Various rejuvenation methods also provide insights for treating specific ageing-related diseases, including cellular reprogramming, the removal of senescence cells (SCs) and suppression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), metabolic manipulation, stem cells-associated therapy, dietary restriction, immune rejuvenation and heterochronic transplantation, etc.

Then, we critically summarize the latest advances in state-of-art strategies of cellular rejuvenation. Here, we discuss the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that counteract cell rejuvenation, and the targeted cells and core mechanisms involved in this process. Defining the mechanism by which roadblocks and signaling inputs influence complex ageing programs is essential for understanding and developing rejuvenative strategies.

The great leaps in cellular rejuvenation prove that ageing is not a one-way street, and many rejuvenative interventions have emerged to delay and even reverse the ageing process. Rejuvenation refers to giving aged cells or organisms more youthful characteristics through various techniques, such as cellular reprogramming and epigenetic regulation. The ageing process is a systemic decline from cellular dysfunction to organ degeneration, with more predisposition to deteriorated disorders.

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